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The Nicaraguan city of Estelí has a number of interesting attractions, one of which is the History and Archeology Museum founded by historian Berenice Castellano in 1993. With its brightly painted exterior walls, this small museum exhibits a wide range of historic items from around Nicaragua and beyond its borders. These include historic Nicaraguan currency, as well as coins and bills from Argentina, Egypt, The Netherlands and Russia. Visitors can view antique items that were once considered technologically advanced, such as radios, old-fashioned record players, manual typewriters and telephones.
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The Nicaraguan Association of Writers – Asociación Nicaragüense de Escritoras (ANIDE) – was founded in July 2000, acquiring its legal status in 2003. Initiated by sixteen writers from varied literary generations, ANIDE made history in literary circles as the first institution focusing on literature written by women, with the goal of gathering, developing, promoting and circulating these works which may otherwise not have been made available to the public. The goals of ANIDE were reiterated in December 2008 with the gathering of around eighty local and international writers representing different generations, a range of genres, languages, ethnicities and viewpoints, but all with the common goal of creating cultural cohesion and a more gender-equal world.
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As the largest surviving member of the aquatic mammal order Sirenia, which includes the dugong and the long extinct Steller's sea cow, the West Indian manatee is listed as 'vulnerable' by the IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nicaragua has some of the largest areas of habitat favored by the manatee and is home to a significant number of the remaining population of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) – the subspecies found in Central America. Manatees enjoy shallow estuaries, saltwater lagoons, canals, slow-moving rivers and coastal areas where aquatic vegetation is found in abundance, as they can consume up to fifteen percent of their body weight in food each day.
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Ernesto Cardenal has long been recognized as one of the iconic literary figures of Nicaragua who has played an important role in the development of the country as an independent nation. He is also a Catholic priest and served as Nicaragua's minister of culture from 1979 to 1987. But it is in his role as poet that Ernesto Cardenal was recently awarded the Queen Sofia Ibero-American Poetry Prize for his contribution to the cultural legacy of Latin America and Spain.
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Located in the Tipitapa municipality of Nicaragua's Managua Department, Hacienda San Jacinto is situated on a farm which was the site of a historic battle in 1856. Later referred to as La Batalla de San Jacínto, the Battle of San Jacínto, the altercation was between invading American filibusters under the leadership of William Walker who were trying to forcefully take over Nicaragua, and members of the national army, reinforced by indigenous troops from Matagalpa.
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A waterway to connect the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean via Nicaragua was proposed as far back as the early 19th century, with Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte reportedly writing an article about the feasibility of carrying out such a project. The proposed route would have used the San Juan River to travel up to Lake Nicaragua, with a man-made canal linking the lake to the Pacific Ocean. The United States later made plans to build the canal to facilitate transport between the east and west coasts of North America, but upon buying rights to use the Panama Canal from the French in the early 20th century, the US abandoned its Nicaraguan project.
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Having the ability to read well can open up a world of opportunities and is a valuable skill for children to develop - the younger the better. Offering children something to read that they can relate to will go a long way in encouraging them to develop a love for the written word. The nonprofit group ABREN – A Book to Read Empowers Nicaraguans – is dedicated to improving opportunities for education in Nicaragua's rural areas. To this end they operate the Amigos Children’s Library and Learning Center based in Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí, where they offer a range of programs specifically designed to work along with the government schooling system to meet the needs of the local youth.
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In a country with more than seventy nature reserves, clearly the majority of Nicaraguans appreciate their natural heritage and want to protect it. Since January 2012, in Central America's first initiative using military forces to combat climate change, Nicaragua put Operation Green Gold into action. The newly formed Ecological Battalion (BECO), consisting of 580 soldiers has already had some success in slowing down unlawful logging by confiscating 3,165 cubic meters of lumber felled by illegal loggers in the South Atlantic autonomous region's Wawashang Reserve.
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